> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.galileo.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Sexism

> Detect and prevent sexist content in AI systems using Galileo's Sexism Metric to identify and mitigate biased responses

export const BooleanClassificationReport = ({report, negativeLabel = "Not Advanced", positiveLabel = "Advanced", negativeClass = "False", positiveClass = "True", maxWidth = 520}) => {
  const parseReport = reportStr => {
    const lines = reportStr.trim().split('\n').filter(line => line.trim());
    const result = {
      classes: [],
      accuracy: null,
      macroAvg: null,
      weightedAvg: null,
      totalSupport: null
    };
    for (const line of lines) {
      const parts = line.trim().split(/\s+/);
      if (parts[0] === 'precision') continue;
      if (parts.length >= 5 && !['accuracy', 'macro', 'weighted'].includes(parts[0])) {
        result.classes.push({
          name: parts[0],
          precision: parseFloat(parts[1]),
          recall: parseFloat(parts[2]),
          f1: parseFloat(parts[3]),
          support: parseInt(parts[4], 10)
        });
      }
      if (parts[0] === 'accuracy') {
        result.accuracy = parseFloat(parts[1]);
        result.totalSupport = parseInt(parts[2], 10);
      }
      if (parts[0] === 'macro' && parts[1] === 'avg') {
        result.macroAvg = {
          precision: parseFloat(parts[2]),
          recall: parseFloat(parts[3]),
          f1: parseFloat(parts[4]),
          support: parseInt(parts[5], 10)
        };
      }
      if (parts[0] === 'weighted' && parts[1] === 'avg') {
        result.weightedAvg = {
          precision: parseFloat(parts[2]),
          recall: parseFloat(parts[3]),
          f1: parseFloat(parts[4]),
          support: parseInt(parts[5], 10)
        };
      }
    }
    return result;
  };
  const parsed = parseReport(report);
  if (parsed.classes.length < 2) {
    return <div style={{
      color: "red",
      padding: "1rem",
      border: "1px solid red"
    }}>BooleanClassificationReport: Could not parse report. Expected at least 2 classes.</div>;
  }
  const negClass = parsed.classes.find(c => c.name === negativeClass) || parsed.classes[0];
  const posClass = parsed.classes.find(c => c.name === positiveClass) || parsed.classes[1];
  const tnPlusFp = negClass.support;
  const tpPlusFn = posClass.support;
  const tn = Math.round(negClass.recall * tnPlusFp);
  const fp = tnPlusFp - tn;
  const tp = Math.round(posClass.recall * tpPlusFn);
  const fn = tpPlusFn - tp;
  const tnPct = tn / tnPlusFp * 100;
  const fpPct = fp / tnPlusFp * 100;
  const fnPct = fn / tpPlusFn * 100;
  const tpPct = tp / tpPlusFn * 100;
  const rowStyle = {
    borderBottom: "1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.3)"
  };
  const cellStyle = {
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem"
  };
  const centerCellStyle = {
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem"
  };
  return <div>
      {}
      <table style={{
    width: "auto",
    borderCollapse: "collapse",
    marginBottom: "1.5rem",
    fontSize: "0.875rem"
  }}>
        <thead>
          <tr style={{
    borderBottom: "2px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.5)"
  }}>
            <th style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem",
    fontWeight: "600"
  }}></th>
            <th style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem",
    fontWeight: "600"
  }}>Precision</th>
            <th style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem",
    fontWeight: "600"
  }}>Recall</th>
            <th style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem 0.125rem",
    fontWeight: "600"
  }}>F1-Score</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          {}
          <tr style={rowStyle}>
            <td style={cellStyle}>{negativeLabel}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{negClass.precision.toFixed(2)}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{negClass.recall.toFixed(2)}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{negClass.f1.toFixed(2)}</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style={rowStyle}>
            <td style={cellStyle}>{positiveLabel}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{posClass.precision.toFixed(2)}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{posClass.recall.toFixed(2)}</td>
            <td style={centerCellStyle}>{posClass.f1.toFixed(2)}</td>
          </tr>
          
        </tbody>
      </table>

      {}
      <BooleanConfusionMatrix actualNegativeLabel={negativeLabel} actualPositiveLabel={positiveLabel} predictedNegativeLabel={negativeLabel} predictedPositiveLabel={positiveLabel} tnPct={tnPct.toString()} fpPct={fpPct.toString()} fnPct={fnPct.toString()} tpPct={tpPct.toString()} displayFormat="fraction" maxWidth={maxWidth} />
    </div>;
};

export const BooleanConfusionMatrix = ({actualNegativeLabel = "Not Advanced", actualPositiveLabel = "Advanced", predictedNegativeLabel = "Not Advanced", predictedPositiveLabel = "Advanced", tnCount, tnPct, fpCount, fpPct, fnCount, fnPct, tpCount, tpPct, matrix, maxWidth = 520, displayFormat = "percentage", fractionDigits = 3, percentageDigits = 1, titlePrefix = ""}) => {
  const parseNum = val => val !== undefined && val !== null ? Number(val) : undefined;
  const clampPct = pct => Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Number(pct) || 0));
  const formatValue = pct => {
    const p = clampPct(pct);
    if (displayFormat === "fraction") {
      const digits = Number.isFinite(Number(fractionDigits)) ? Number(fractionDigits) : 3;
      return (p / 100).toFixed(digits);
    }
    const digits = Number.isFinite(Number(percentageDigits)) ? Number(percentageDigits) : 1;
    return `${p.toFixed(digits)}%`;
  };
  const palette = ["#f8fafc", "#eff6ff", "#dbeafe", "#bfdbfe", "#93c5fd", "#60a5fa", "#3b82f6", "#2563eb", "#1d4ed8", "#1e40af"];
  const getBg = pct => {
    const p = clampPct(pct);
    const idx = p === 100 ? 9 : Math.floor(p / 10);
    return palette[idx];
  };
  const getColor = pct => clampPct(pct) >= 60 ? "#ffffff" : "#1e3a8a";
  const rawTn = parseNum(tnCount);
  const rawFp = parseNum(fpCount);
  const rawFn = parseNum(fnCount);
  const rawTp = parseNum(tpCount);
  const rawTnPct = parseNum(tnPct);
  const rawFpPct = parseNum(fpPct);
  const rawFnPct = parseNum(fnPct);
  const rawTpPct = parseNum(tpPct);
  const hasCounts = rawTn !== undefined && rawFp !== undefined && rawFn !== undefined && rawTp !== undefined;
  const hasPcts = rawTnPct !== undefined && rawFpPct !== undefined && rawFnPct !== undefined && rawTpPct !== undefined;
  let resolvedMatrix;
  let showCounts;
  if (matrix) {
    resolvedMatrix = matrix;
    showCounts = matrix.tn?.count !== undefined;
  } else if (hasCounts) {
    const actualNegTotal = rawTn + rawFp;
    const actualPosTotal = rawFn + rawTp;
    resolvedMatrix = {
      tn: {
        count: rawTn,
        pct: actualNegTotal > 0 ? rawTn / actualNegTotal * 100 : 0
      },
      fp: {
        count: rawFp,
        pct: actualNegTotal > 0 ? rawFp / actualNegTotal * 100 : 0
      },
      fn: {
        count: rawFn,
        pct: actualPosTotal > 0 ? rawFn / actualPosTotal * 100 : 0
      },
      tp: {
        count: rawTp,
        pct: actualPosTotal > 0 ? rawTp / actualPosTotal * 100 : 0
      }
    };
    showCounts = true;
  } else if (hasPcts) {
    resolvedMatrix = {
      tn: {
        pct: rawTnPct
      },
      fp: {
        pct: rawFpPct
      },
      fn: {
        pct: rawFnPct
      },
      tp: {
        pct: rawTpPct
      }
    };
    showCounts = false;
  } else {
    return <div style={{
      color: "red",
      padding: "1rem",
      border: "1px solid red"
    }}>BooleanConfusionMatrix: Provide either all counts or all percentages</div>;
  }
  const cellStyle = pct => ({
    background: getBg(pct),
    color: getColor(pct),
    padding: "1rem",
    textAlign: "center",
    borderRadius: "8px",
    aspectRatio: "1 / 1",
    width: "100%",
    display: "flex",
    flexDirection: "column",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center",
    border: "1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35)"
  });
  const displayPredictedLabels = {
    left: predictedPositiveLabel,
    right: predictedNegativeLabel
  };
  const displayActualLabels = {
    top: actualPositiveLabel,
    bottom: actualNegativeLabel
  };
  const displayMatrix = {
    tl: resolvedMatrix.tp,
    tr: resolvedMatrix.fn,
    bl: resolvedMatrix.fp,
    br: resolvedMatrix.tn
  };
  return <div style={{
    maxWidth: maxWidth + "px",
    margin: "1rem 0"
  }}>
      <div style={{
    display: "grid",
    gridTemplateColumns: "auto auto 1fr 1fr",
    gridTemplateRows: "auto auto auto 1fr 1fr auto",
    gap: "2px"
  }}>
        {}
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div style={{
    gridColumn: "3 / 5",
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontWeight: "600",
    fontSize: "1rem"
  }}>
          {titlePrefix}Confusion Matrix (Normalized)
        </div>

        {}
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div style={{
    gridColumn: "3 / 5",
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontWeight: "600",
    fontSize: "0.875rem"
  }}>
          Predicted
        </div>

        {}
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center"
  }}>{displayPredictedLabels.left}</div>
        <div style={{
    textAlign: "center",
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center"
  }}>{displayPredictedLabels.right}</div>

        {}
        <div style={{
    gridRow: "4 / 6",
    writingMode: "vertical-rl",
    transform: "rotate(180deg)",
    textAlign: "center",
    fontWeight: "600",
    fontSize: "0.875rem",
    padding: "0 0.5rem",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "center"
  }}>
          Actual
        </div>
        <div style={{
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "flex-end"
  }}>{displayActualLabels.top}</div>
        <div style={cellStyle(displayMatrix.tl.pct)}>
          {showCounts && <div style={{
    fontSize: "1.5rem",
    fontWeight: "700",
    lineHeight: 1
  }}>{displayMatrix.tl.count}</div>}
          <div style={{
    fontSize: showCounts ? "0.75rem" : "1rem",
    fontWeight: showCounts ? "400" : "700",
    opacity: showCounts ? 0.8 : 1
  }}>{formatValue(displayMatrix.tl.pct)}</div>
        </div>
        <div style={cellStyle(displayMatrix.tr.pct)}>
          {showCounts && <div style={{
    fontSize: "1.5rem",
    fontWeight: "700",
    lineHeight: 1
  }}>{displayMatrix.tr.count}</div>}
          <div style={{
    fontSize: showCounts ? "0.75rem" : "1rem",
    fontWeight: showCounts ? "400" : "700",
    opacity: showCounts ? 0.8 : 1
  }}>{formatValue(displayMatrix.tr.pct)}</div>
        </div>

        {}
        <div style={{
    padding: "0.5rem",
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    justifyContent: "flex-end"
  }}>{displayActualLabels.bottom}</div>
        <div style={cellStyle(displayMatrix.bl.pct)}>
          {showCounts && <div style={{
    fontSize: "1.5rem",
    fontWeight: "700",
    lineHeight: 1
  }}>{displayMatrix.bl.count}</div>}
          <div style={{
    fontSize: showCounts ? "0.75rem" : "1rem",
    fontWeight: showCounts ? "400" : "700",
    opacity: showCounts ? 0.8 : 1
  }}>{formatValue(displayMatrix.bl.pct)}</div>
        </div>
        <div style={cellStyle(displayMatrix.br.pct)}>
          {showCounts && <div style={{
    fontSize: "1.5rem",
    fontWeight: "700",
    lineHeight: 1
  }}>{displayMatrix.br.count}</div>}
          <div style={{
    fontSize: showCounts ? "0.75rem" : "1rem",
    fontWeight: showCounts ? "400" : "700",
    opacity: showCounts ? 0.8 : 1
  }}>{formatValue(displayMatrix.br.pct)}</div>
        </div>

        {}
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div style={{
    gridColumn: "3 / 5",
    marginTop: "0.5rem",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    gap: "0.5rem"
  }}>
          <span style={{
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500"
  }}>{displayFormat === "fraction" ? "0.0" : "0%"}</span>
          <div style={{
    display: "flex",
    flex: 1,
    height: "12px",
    borderRadius: "4px",
    overflow: "hidden",
    border: "1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35)"
  }}>
            {palette.map((color, idx) => <div key={idx} style={{
    flex: 1,
    height: "100%",
    background: color
  }} />)}
          </div>
          <span style={{
    fontSize: "0.75rem",
    fontWeight: "500"
  }}>{displayFormat === "fraction" ? "1.0" : "100%"}</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>;
};

export const DefinitionCard = ({children}) => {
  return <Card variant="secondary">
    <div style={{
    padding: '0.5rem',
    border: '5px solid var(--primary-light)',
    borderRadius: '0.5rem',
    fontSize: '1.3rem',
    lineHeight: '1.4',
    boxShadow: '0 0 10px 10px var(--primary-light)'
  }}>
        {children}
      </div>

</Card>;
};

export const Scale = ({low, mid, high, lowLabel = "Low", midLabel = "Mid", highLabel = "High", lowDescription, midDescription, highDescription, midColor = "yellow", inverted = false}) => {
  const lowColor = inverted ? "green" : "red";
  const highColor = inverted ? "red" : "green";
  const gradientId = inverted ? "greenToRed" : "redToGreen";
  return <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    flexDirection: 'column',
    width: '100%'
  }}>
      <svg width="100%" height="30" style={{
    marginBottom: '8px'
  }}>
        <defs>
          <linearGradient id={gradientId} x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
            <stop offset="0%" stopColor={lowColor} />
            <stop offset="100%" stopColor={highColor} />
          </linearGradient>
        </defs>
        <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill={`url(#${gradientId})`} rx="4" ry="4" />
      </svg>

      <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    justifyContent: 'space-between',
    width: '100%',
    marginBottom: '16px'
  }}>
        <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '12px'
  }}>{low}</p>
        {mid && <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '12px'
  }}>{mid}</p>}
        <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '12px'
  }}>{high}</p>
      </div>

      <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    justifyContent: 'space-between',
    width: '100%'
  }}>
        <div style={{
    maxWidth: '40%'
  }}>
          <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    alignItems: 'center',
    marginBottom: '4px'
  }}>
            <div style={{
    width: '12px',
    height: '12px',
    backgroundColor: lowColor,
    borderRadius: '50%',
    marginRight: '8px'
  }}></div>
            <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontWeight: 'bold',
    fontSize: '14px'
  }}>{lowLabel}</p>
          </div>
          {lowDescription && <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '14px',
    color: '#666',
    maxWidth: '250px',
    lineHeight: '1.4'
  }}>{lowDescription}</p>}
        </div>
        {mid && <div style={{
    maxWidth: '40%',
    textAlign: 'center'
  }}>
            <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    alignItems: 'center',
    justifyContent: 'center',
    marginBottom: '4px'
  }}>
              <div style={{
    width: '12px',
    height: '12px',
    backgroundColor: midColor,
    borderRadius: '50%',
    marginRight: '8px'
  }}></div>
              <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontWeight: 'bold',
    fontSize: '14px'
  }}>{midLabel}</p>
            </div>
            {midDescription && <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '14px',
    color: '#666',
    maxWidth: '250px',
    textAlign: 'center',
    lineHeight: '1.4'
  }}>{midDescription}</p>}
          </div>}


        <div style={{
    maxWidth: '40%',
    textAlign: 'right'
  }}>
          <div style={{
    display: 'flex',
    alignItems: 'center',
    justifyContent: 'flex-end',
    marginBottom: '4px'
  }}>
            <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontWeight: 'bold',
    fontSize: '14px'
  }}>{highLabel}</p>
            <div style={{
    width: '12px',
    height: '12px',
    backgroundColor: highColor,
    borderRadius: '50%',
    marginLeft: '8px'
  }}></div>
          </div>
          {highDescription && <p style={{
    margin: 0,
    fontSize: '14px',
    color: '#666',
    maxWidth: '250px',
    marginLeft: 'auto',
    lineHeight: '1.4'
  }}>{highDescription}</p>}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>;
};

<DefinitionCard>
  <strong>Sexism Detection</strong> flags whether a response contains sexist content. Output is a binary classification of whether a response is sexist or not.
</DefinitionCard>

## Calculation method

Sexism detection is computed through a specialized process:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Model Architecture">
    The detection system is built on a Small Language Model (SLM) that combines training from both open-source datasets and carefully curated internal datasets to identify various forms of sexist content.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Performance Validation">
    The model demonstrates robust detection capabilities with an 83% accuracy rate when tested against the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism dataset, a widely recognized benchmark for sexism detection.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Optimizing your AI system

<Card>
  <div style={{display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.5rem', marginBottom: '0.75rem'}}>
    <div style={{fontSize: '1.25rem', color: 'var(--primary-color)'}}>
      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round">
        <path d="M12 20h9" />

        <path d="M16.5 3.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L7 19l-4 1 1-4L16.5 3.5z" />
      </svg>
    </div>

    <h3 style={{margin: 0, fontSize: '1.25rem', fontWeight: '600'}}>Addressing Sexism in Your System</h3>
  </div>

  When sexist content is detected in your system, consider these approaches:

  <div style={{ marginTop: "1rem", paddingTop: "0.75rem", borderTop: "1px solid rgba(209, 213, 219, 0.33)" }}>
    <strong>Implement guardrails:</strong> Flag responses before being served to prevent future occurrences.
  </div>

  <div style={{ marginTop: "0.75rem", paddingTop: "0.75rem", borderTop: "1px solid rgba(209, 213, 219, 0.33)" }}>
    <strong>Fine-tune models:</strong> Adjust model behavior to reduce sexist outputs.
  </div>
</Card>

<Note>
  Identify responses that contain sexist comments and take preventive measures to ensure fair and unbiased AI interactions.
</Note>

## Performance Benchmarks

We evaluated Sexism Detection against gold labels on the "test" split of [TomData/TG-sexism\_balanced](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TomData/TG-sexism_balanced) open-source dataset using top frontier models.

| Model                   | F1 (True) |
| :---------------------- | :-------: |
| GPT-4.1                 |    0.91   |
| GPT-4.1-mini (judges=3) |    0.89   |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5       |    0.87   |
| Gemini 3 Flash          |    0.89   |

### GPT-4.1 Classification Report

<BooleanClassificationReport
  report={`            precision    recall  f1-score   support

False     0.9340    0.8773    0.9048       807
True     0.8842    0.9380    0.9103       806

accuracy                         0.9076      1613
macro avg     0.9091    0.9076    0.9075      1613
weighted avg  0.9091    0.9076    0.9075      1613`}
  negativeLabel="False"
  positiveLabel="True"
  negativeClass="False"
  positiveClass="True"
/>

<Note>
  Benchmarks based on the TomData/TG-sexism\_balanced open-source dataset. Performance may vary by use case.
</Note>

## Related Resources

If you would like to dive deeper or start implementing Sexism Detection, check out the following resources:

### Examples

* [Sexism Examples](https://app.galileo.ai) - Log in and explore the "Sexism" Log Stream in the "Preset Metric Examples" Project to see this metric in action.